HONDA Civic
EG / sixth generation / 6th / Sixth generation (EK/EM) / 1996-2022 / Sedan, Hatchback, Coupe / Sedan, Coupe, Hatchback / Sedan, Coupe, Hatchback depending on market / Sedan, Coupe, Hatchback (market dependent)
Year and trim selector
Choose the exact year and trim to see engine, oil and service details.
1996 HONDA Civic D16Z6/D15B7 (EG)
EG / D16Z6, D15B7, B16A2, B16A3, B18B1, D16Y7 / Multiple inline-4 engines available depending on market: SOHC and DOHC, VTEC variants included. Displacements range from 1.5L to 1.8L.
1997 HONDA Civic D15B7/D16Y8 (EK/EM/EJ)
EK/EM/EJ / D15B7, D16Y8, B16A2, B18B4, D14A1 / Varies by market: from 1.4L SOHC to 1.8L SOHC and 1.6L/1.8L DOHC VTEC engines; US primarily D16Y8 1.6L SOHC VTEC; Japan and other markets included B16A2 1.6L DOHC VTEC and B18B4 1.8L DOHC VTEC engines.
1998 HONDA Civic D15B7/D16Y7 (EK/EG)
EK/EG / D15B7, D16Y7, B16A2, ZC / Multiple inline-4 engines including SOHC D-series and DOHC B-series used in different markets; D15B7 common in base trims, D16Y7 in mid trims, B16A2 VTEC in sport trims (US and Japan), ZC 1.6L SOHC in Europe/Asia.
2000 HONDA Civic D16Y8/B16A2 (EK/EM)
EK/EM / D16Y8, B16A2, D17A1, B18C5 / The 2000 Honda Civic was offered globally with multiple engines, including the D16Y8 SOHC VTEC (primarily US and some Asian markets), B16A2 DOHC VTEC (JDM Si trim), D17A1 SOHC i-VTEC (late 2000 US market introduction), and B18C5 DOHC VTEC (SiR trim in select markets like Japan and Canada). Engine availability varies significantly by region and body style.
2001 HONDA Civic D15B7/D16Y8 (EK)
EK / D15B7, D16Y8, B16A2, D17A1, B18C5 / Multiple engine variants were available globally in 2001, including SOHC 1.5L and 1.6L inline-4 engines for economy trims, and DOHC 1.6L VTEC engines for sportier trims (e.g., Si/Type R). Engine options vary by market.
2002 HONDA Civic D17A1/D17A2 (EP or ES (market dependent))
EP or ES (market dependent) / D17A1, D17A2, D17A7, D16Y8, B16A2 / Inline 4-cylinder, SOHC or DOHC depending on engine code. Engines vary by market: North America primarily used 1.7L SOHC (D17 series), some Asian markets had 1.6L SOHC i-VTEC (D16Y8) or DOHC VTEC (B16A2 in Type R).
2004 HONDA Civic D17A1/D17A2 (EN1/EN2/EP3)
EN1/EN2/EP3 / D17A1, D17A2, K20A3, K20A4, K20A6, R18A1 / Inline 4-cylinder SOHC and DOHC engines ranging from 1.7L to 2.0L; notable variations include D-series SOHC engines in North America and K-series DOHC engines in sport trims and European/Japanese markets.
2005 HONDA Civic K20A4/K20A3 (EU/US: EP3 (hatchback), FA1 (sedan), ES1/ES2 (Japan; sedan), UK/Asia variations)
EU/US: EP3 (hatchback), FA1 (sedan), ES1/ES2 (Japan; sedan), UK/Asia variations / K20A4, K20A3, D17A2, R18A1, L15A7 / Available engines vary by market: 1.5L i-DSI SOHC (Japan), 1.6L SOHC i-DSI, 1.7L SOHC, 1.8L SOHC i-VTEC, and 2.0L DOHC i-VTEC (especially in Europe and Type R versions).
2006 HONDA Civic R18A1/K20Z3 (FD (Sedan 4-door), FA (Coupe 2-door), FN (5-door hatch; mainly Europe/Japan))
FD (Sedan 4-door), FA (Coupe 2-door), FN (5-door hatch; mainly Europe/Japan) / R18A1, K20Z3, R18A2, K20Z1 / 2006 Civic globally used mainly 1.8L R18A series i-VTEC inline-4 for US and many regions, K20Z3 for Si/SiR trims, R18A2 for Europe, and K20Z1 for specific markets like Japan.
2007 HONDA Civic R18A (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC)/K20Z2 (2.0L DOHC i-VTEC) (FD/FA/FG)
FD/FA/FG / R18A (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC), K20Z2 (2.0L DOHC i-VTEC), R18Z1 (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC, Europe), L15A7 (1.5L SOHC i-VTEC, select Asian markets) / Main engines were naturally aspirated inline-4 SOHC and DOHC i-VTEC units. The 1.8L R18A was standard in most markets; the sporty Si trim featured a 2.0L K20Z2 engine mainly in North America; other markets had region specific variants.
2008 HONDA Civic R18A1/K20Z3 (FD1 (Sedan), FN2 (Hatchback Europe), FA1 (Japan hatchback))
FD1 (Sedan), FN2 (Hatchback Europe), FA1 (Japan hatchback) / R18A1, K20Z3, R18A2, R18A7, R18A8 / Mostly 1.8L SOHC i-VTEC (R18A variants) in global markets; 2.0L DOHC i-VTEC (K20Z3) in some trims/markets like North America Si variant; Europe had 1.4L, 1.8L petrol, and 2.2L i-CTDi diesel options (not covered here).
2009 HONDA Civic R18A1/R18A2 (FD/FN/FA/FG (varies by market and body style))
FD/FN/FA/FG (varies by market and body style) / R18A1, R18A2, K20Z3, R18Z1, L15A7 / Inline 4-cylinder DOHC i-VTEC engines; displacement ranges mainly 1.8L (R18A variants) and 2.0L (K20Z3 in some markets). Engine codes and power outputs vary by market.
2010 HONDA Civic R18A1/R18Z1 (FD2 (sedan Japan), FA1 (Europe), US and global markets various (8th gen facelift))
FD2 (sedan Japan), FA1 (Europe), US and global markets various (8th gen facelift) / R18A1, R18Z1, K20Z3, i-VTEC (varies by market and body style) / Primarily 1.8L i-VTEC inline-4 (R18 series) for US and many global markets; 2.0L K20Z3 i-VTEC engines for sportier trims and some markets; power and torque vary by engine and emissions setup.
2011 HONDA Civic R18A1/R18Z1 (FD/FA)
FD/FA / R18A1, R18Z1, R18Z4, K20Z3, LDA / 1.8L i-VTEC (R18 variants) inline-4 for global sedan/coupe; 2.0L i-VTEC (K20Z3) inline-4 for North American Si; 1.4L LDA i-VTEC diesel (Europe). Markets with hatchbacks often had 1.4L or 1.8L petrol engines depending on country.
2012 HONDA Civic R18Z1/R18A1 (FB/FG (depending on market/body style))
FB/FG (depending on market/body style) / R18Z1, R18A1, R18Z4, R20A2, K24Z3 / Range of 1.8L i-VTEC inline-4 (R18 variants) common in NA, Europe; 2.0L engine (R20A2) in some Asian markets; 2.4L K24Z3 in sportier trims in certain regions.
2013 HONDA Civic R18Z1/R20A4 (FB)
FB / R18Z1, R20A4, R18A1, R18A2, L15A7 / 1.8L and 2.0L SOHC i-VTEC inline-4 gasoline engines widely used; 1.5L SOHC i-VTEC also in some Asian markets
2014 HONDA Civic R18Z1/R18Z4 (FB/FG (sedan/coupe hatchback variants))
FB/FG (sedan/coupe hatchback variants) / R18Z1, R18Z4, R18Z6, N22B1, L15A7 / 1.8L i-VTEC SOHC inline-4 (R18 series) primarily in NA, Europe; 2.2L i-DTEC diesel (N22B1) in Europe; 1.5L i-VTEC (L15A7) in Asia-Pacific markets
2015 HONDA Civic R18Z1/R18Z4 (FB/FG (sedan/hatchback in many markets))
FB/FG (sedan/hatchback in many markets) / R18Z1, R18Z4, R18Z6, R20A3, L15B7 / Primarily offered with 1.8L SOHC i-VTEC (R18 series) and 2.0L DOHC i-VTEC (R20A and L15B7), naturally aspirated inline-4 gasoline engines. Diesel variants offered in Europe with N-series engines.
2016 HONDA Civic L15B7/L15B8 (FC/FK)
FC/FK / L15B7, L15B8, L15B3, K24W7, K24W9, 2.0L NA (various codes depending on market) / Range includes 1.5L DOHC turbocharged inline-4 (L15B7/L15B8 in many markets), 1.5L naturally aspirated in some regions, and 2.4L DOHC i-VTEC inline-4 (K24W7, K24W9) in others; engine availability varies by market.
2017 HONDA Civic L15B7/L15B8 (FC/FB (sedan/hatchback))
FC/FB (sedan/hatchback) / L15B7, L15B8, L15B7A, K20C1, R18Z1 / 1.5L DOHC Turbo I4 (L15B7/B8) for many markets, 2.0L NA I4 (K20C1) in some, 1.8L SOHC I4 (R18Z1) in select regions
2019 HONDA Civic L15B7/L15B8 (FC/FK)
FC/FK / L15B7, L15B8, K20C2, L15B6 / Multiple engines depending on market: 1.5L turbocharged DOHC inline-4 (L15B7, L15B8), 2.0L naturally aspirated inline-4 (L15B6), and 2.0L turbocharged DOHC inline-4 (K20C2) in Type R variant.
2020 HONDA Civic L15ZF1/1.5L Turbo I4 - North America (FC/FK)
FC/FK / L15ZF1, 1.5L Turbo I4 - North America, K20C1, 2.0L I4 - Europe and others, L13B7, 1.3L I4 - Some Asian markets / Range of inline-4 petrol engines including 1.5L turbocharged and naturally aspirated 2.0L variants depending on market. Diesel versions not widely sold globally for 2020. Hybrid available in select markets with a 1.5L Atkinson cycle engine and electric motor.
2022 HONDA Civic L15B7/L15B8 (FL1)
FL1 / L15B7, L15B8, K20C1 (Type R) / Varies by market: typically 1.5L turbocharged DOHC inline-4; Type R features a 2.0L turbocharged DOHC inline-4.
Engine codes by year
| Year | Trim | Engine codes | Displacement | Fuel system |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | technical-profile | D16Z6, D15B7, B16A2, B16A3, B18B1, D16Y7 | 1493 cc to 1839 cc (depending on engine code) | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 1997 | technical-profile | D15B7, D16Y8, B16A2, B18B4, D14A1 | 1.4L to 1.8L | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 1998 | technical-profile | D15B7, D16Y7, B16A2, ZC | 1.5L to 1.6L | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2000 | technical-profile | D16Y8, B16A2, D17A1, B18C5 | 1.6L to 1.8L inline-4 depending on engine code | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2001 | technical-profile | D15B7, D16Y8, B16A2, D17A1, B18C5 | 1.5L - 1.8L | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2002 | technical-profile | D17A1, D17A2, D17A7, D16Y8, B16A2 | 1.6L to 1.7L | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2004 | technical-profile | D17A1, D17A2, K20A3, K20A4, K20A6, R18A1 | 1.7 - 2.0 liters | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2005 | technical-profile | K20A4, K20A3, D17A2, R18A1, L15A7 | 1497 cc to 1998 cc depending on engine code and market | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2006 | technical-profile | R18A1, K20Z3, R18A2, K20Z1 | 1.8L (1799 cc) and 2.0L (1997 cc) | Programmed Fuel Injection (PGM-FI) |
| 2007 | technical-profile | R18A (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC), K20Z2 (2.0L DOHC i-VTEC), R18Z1 (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC, Europe), L15A7 (1.5L SOHC i-VTEC, select Asian markets) | 1.8L and 2.0L inline-4 engines primarily | Electronic fuel injection with i-VTEC variable valve timing |
| 2008 | technical-profile | R18A1, K20Z3, R18A2, R18A7, R18A8 | 1.8 L (1799 cc) and 2.0 L (1997 cc) petrol engines mainly | Fuel injection with electronic control (PGM-FI) |
| 2009 | technical-profile | R18A1, R18A2, K20Z3, R18Z1, L15A7 | 1799 cc to 1998 cc depending on engine variant | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2010 | technical-profile | R18A1, R18Z1, K20Z3, i-VTEC (varies by market and body style) | 1799-1998 cc, inline-4 | Multi-point fuel injection with i-VTEC variable valve timing |
| 2011 | technical-profile | R18A1, R18Z1, R18Z4, K20Z3, LDA | 1398cc to 1997cc depending on engine | Multi-point fuel injection with i-VTEC variable valve timing |
| 2012 | technical-profile | R18Z1, R18A1, R18Z4, R20A2, K24Z3 | 1.8L to 2.4L inline-4, varies by market | Multi-point fuel injection with i-VTEC |
| 2013 | technical-profile | R18Z1, R20A4, R18A1, R18A2, L15A7 | 1497-1986 cc | Multi-point fuel injection |
| 2014 | technical-profile | R18Z1, R18Z4, R18Z6, N22B1, L15A7 | 1799 cc (1.8L) / 2199 cc (2.2L diesel) / 1496 cc (1.5L) | Multi-point fuel injection / direct injection diesel variant |
| 2015 | technical-profile | R18Z1, R18Z4, R18Z6, R20A3, L15B7 | 1.8L to 2.0L | Electronic fuel injection |
| 2016 | technical-profile | L15B7, L15B8, L15B3, K24W7, K24W9, 2.0L NA (various codes depending on market) | 1496 cc - 2356 cc depending on engine code | Electronic Fuel Injection |
| 2017 | technical-profile | L15B7, L15B8, L15B7A, K20C1, R18Z1 | 1498 to 1996 cc | Direct Injection (L15B7/B8), Multi-point Fuel Injection (R18Z1), Port and Direct Injection (K20C1) |
| 2019 | technical-profile | L15B7, L15B8, K20C2, L15B6 | 1496-1996 cc | Direct injection with turbo (for L15B7/B8 and K20C2), multi-point fuel injection on some NA variants |
| 2020 | technical-profile | L15ZF1, 1.5L Turbo I4 - North America, K20C1, 2.0L I4 - Europe and others, L13B7, 1.3L I4 - Some Asian markets | 1498cc (1.5L Turbo), 1996cc (2.0L Naturally Aspirated), 1339cc (1.3L NA) | Direct injection with turbocharger on 1.5L; Port fuel injection on others |
| 2022 | technical-profile | L15B7, L15B8, K20C1 (Type R) | 1498 cc (1.5L), 1996 cc (2.0L Type R) | Direct injection with PGM-FI (Programmed Fuel Injection) |
Oil capacity by engine
| Year | Engine codes | Oil type | Oil capacity | Fluid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | D16Z6, D15B7, B16A2, B16A3, B18B1, D16Y7 | SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30, API Grade SG or higher | Approximately 3.7 liters (service-fill including oil filter change) | Honda ATF-Z1 (automatic), Honda manual transmission fluid (manual) |
| 1997 | D15B7, D16Y8, B16A2, B18B4, D14A1 | SAE 5W-30 or as per region-specific standards | Approx. 3.9L (4.1 quarts) including filter; service-fill with oil filter change | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics; GL-4 75W-90 for manuals |
| 1998 | D15B7, D16Y7, B16A2, ZC | SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30 conventional or synthetic oil depending on climate | Approximately 3.7 liters service-fill including filter (varies by engine) | Honda ATF-Z1 or Honda DW-1 for automatics; manual fluid per market specs |
| 2000 | D16Y8, B16A2, D17A1, B18C5 | SAE 5W-30 or manufacturer specification | Approx. 3.9 liters (including filter) depending on engine; service-fill volume varies slightly by engine code | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatic, engine oil for manual |
| 2001 | D15B7, D16Y8, B16A2, D17A1, B18C5 | SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30, API service SL or higher | Approximately 3.5 liters (including filter); service-fill with filter replacement | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics; manual uses gear oil per manual |
| 2002 | D17A1, D17A2, D17A7, D16Y8, B16A2 | SAE 5W-30 API service grade SL or above | Approximately 3.9 L (4.1 US qt) service-fill including filter for D17A engines; varies slightly by engine and market | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics; manual uses specific transmission oil (consult service manual) |
| 2004 | D17A1, D17A2, K20A3, K20A4, K20A6, R18A1 | API SL or newer; 5W-30 viscosity commonly used | Approximately 3.9 liters (4.1 US quarts) including filter; service-fill recommendation | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics; manual uses SAE 75W-90 gear oil |
| 2005 | K20A4, K20A3, D17A2, R18A1, L15A7 | Honda Genuine 5W-30 or equivalent meeting API SL/SM | Approximately 3.9 L (including filter) for K-series 1.8L and 2.0L engines; varies slightly with engine and market, service-fill including filter change | Honda ATF-Z1 or DW-1 for automatics; manual transmission uses MT oil as per market guidelines |
| 2006 | R18A1, K20Z3, R18A2, K20Z1 | SAE 5W-20 or 5W-30 depending on climate; Honda Genuine Oil recommended | Approx. 3.7L service-fill including oil filter (varies slightly by engine), replace filter each oil change | Honda ATF-Z1 (automatic), API GL-4 75W-90 (manual gearboxes) |
| 2007 | R18A (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC), K20Z2 (2.0L DOHC i-VTEC), R18Z1 (1.8L SOHC i-VTEC, Europe), L15A7 (1.5L SOHC i-VTEC, select Asian markets) | SAE 5W-20 or 5W-30, API Grade SL or higher | Approx. 3.4 L (3.6 US qt) service fill including filter | Honda ATF-Z1 for automatic |
| 2008 | R18A1, K20Z3, R18A2, R18A7, R18A8 | SAE 5W-20 or 5W-30, API service SL or higher depending on market | Approx. 3.7L with filter (service fill including filter change) | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics |
| 2009 | R18A1, R18A2, K20Z3, R18Z1, L15A7 | API Grade 5W-20 or 5W-30, manufacturer recommended synthetic blend or full synthetic | Approximately 3.4 to 3.9 liters (including filter) depending on engine variant and market | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatic transmissions; manual gearbox uses Honda Manual Transmission Fluid |
| 2010 | R18A1, R18Z1, K20Z3, i-VTEC (varies by market and body style) | SAE 5W-20 or 5W-30, API SL/SM or higher, consult market-specific owner's manual | Approximately 3.7 L (service-fill quantity including filter), varies slightly by engine and market | Honda DW-1 for manual; ATF-Z1 or compatible automatic transmission fluid per market |
| 2011 | R18A1, R18Z1, R18Z4, K20Z3, LDA | SAE 5W-30 API SL or higher, Honda Genuine Oil preferred | Approximately 3.7L service-fill including filter (varies slightly by engine), filter change recommended with oil service | Honda ATF DW-1 (automatic); manual uses specified gear oil |
| 2012 | R18Z1, R18A1, R18Z4, R20A2, K24Z3 | API grade SAE 5W-20 or 5W-30, check specific owner's manual by market | Approximately 3.9L service-fill including filter (1.03 US gallons), varied slightly by engine code | Honda ATF-Z1 or DW-1 depending on transmission type |
| 2013 | R18Z1, R20A4, R18A1, R18A2, L15A7 | 5W-20 or 5W-30 engine oil recommended depending on climate | Approx. 3.8 - 4.4 liters (including filter) depending on engine; service-fill including filter change | Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent (automatic); manual gear oil SAE 75W-90 GL-4/5 |
| 2014 | R18Z1, R18Z4, R18Z6, N22B1, L15A7 | SAE 0W-20 or 5W-30 (market dependent), API SN or later | Approximately 3.9 L (service fill, including oil filter change) | Honda ATF-Z1 (automatic) or equivalent CVT fluid per market |
| 2015 | R18Z1, R18Z4, R18Z6, R20A3, L15B7 | SAE 0W-20 or 5W-30 synthetic oil recommended based on region | Approx. 3.3L (including filter); service-fill capacity varies with engine and filter change | Honda ATF-Z1 or DW-1 for automatics |
| 2016 | L15B7, L15B8, L15B3, K24W7, K24W9, 2.0L NA (various codes depending on market) | SAE 0W-20 synthetic recommended by Honda | Approx. 4.2 liters (service fill with filter; varies slightly by engine and market) | Honda ATF DW-1 or equivalent (for CVT/automatic models) |
| 2017 | L15B7, L15B8, L15B7A, K20C1, R18Z1 | SAE 0W-20 or 5W-20, Honda Genuine Oil recommended | Approx. 3.7 liters (3.9 US qt) including filter (service fill, replace filter with every oil change) | Honda CVT Fluid or equivalent (market-specific recommendations apply) |
| 2019 | L15B7, L15B8, K20C2, L15B6 | SAE 0W-20 to 5W-30 synthetic oil meeting API SN or newer | Approx. 3.7 L (includes oil filter); service-fill volume includes filter change | Honda HCF-2 for CVT; ATF DW-1 for automatic |
| 2020 | L15ZF1, 1.5L Turbo I4 - North America, K20C1, 2.0L I4 - Europe and others, L13B7, 1.3L I4 - Some Asian markets | Honda Genuine 0W-20 or equivalent synthetic oil | Approx. 3.7L including filter (service-fill, include filter) | Honda HCF-2 CVT fluid or equivalent, manual gearbox uses manual transmission fluid as per Honda spec |
| 2022 | L15B7, L15B8, K20C1 (Type R) | SAE 0W-20 synthetic recommended | Approximately 3.7 liters (includes filter replacement, US 1.5L turbo engine) | Honda ATF DW-1 (CVT models) |
Technical specifications
- Engines: D16Z6, D15B7, B16A2, B16A3, B18B1, D16Y7, D16Y8, B18B4, D14A1, ZC, D17A1, B18C5
- Transmissions: 5-speed manual available in most markets, 3-speed or 4-speed automatic depending on market and trim, Honda ATF-Z1 (automatic), Honda manual transmission fluid (manual), 5-speed manual (some markets 4-speed was available), 3 or 4-speed automatic depending on market and trim, Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics; GL-4 75W-90 for manuals, 4 or 5-speed manual transmissions (market dependent), 3 or 4-speed automatic transmissions (market dependent)
- Tire sizes: 185/65R14, 195/60R15, 195/55R15, 175/65R14, 185/60R14, 195/55R15 depending on body and market, 205/50R16, 205/50R16 (market/trim dependent), 195/65R15, 205/55R16
- Bolt pattern: Verify by exact trim and wheel package
- Wheel torque: Verify by VIN and wheel package
- Battery: Verify by engine, market and equipment package
Fluids and service data
- Engine oil: SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30, API Grade SG or higher / SAE 5W-30 or as per region-specific standards / SAE 5W-30 or 10W-30 conventional or synthetic oil depending on climate / SAE 5W-30 or manufacturer specification
- Transmission fluid: Honda ATF-Z1 (automatic), Honda manual transmission fluid (manual) / Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatics; GL-4 75W-90 for manuals / Honda ATF-Z1 or Honda DW-1 for automatics; manual fluid per market specs / Honda ATF-Z1 or equivalent for automatic, engine oil for manual
- Coolant: Approximately 6.5 liters / 6.5L to 7.0L depending on engine and market / Approx. 6.0 liters / Approx. 6.9 liters
- Brake fluid: DOT 3 or DOT 4 / DOT 3 or DOT 4 (market dependent) / DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid / DOT 3 or DOT 4 depending on regional specs
Known problems
- Timing belt maintenance critical at 60,000 miles
- Minor rust issues in wet climates
- Valve cover gasket oil leaks
- Timing belt wear - replacement critical at recommended intervals
- Suspension bushings deterioration
- Rust issues in rear wheel arches especially in colder climates
- Timing belt wear
- Valve cover gasket leaks
- Ignition coil failures in high mileage
- Transmission synchro wear (manual)
- Idle air control valve issues
- Rust in wheel wells and undercarriage (depending on climate)